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Updated: May 13, 2026

System for Focal, Closed-System Central Nervous System Injury
Published on: November 29, 2024
Pediatric internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Jennifer L Rizzo1, Maureen Lloyd, Mary A O'Hara
1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. jennifer.rizzo@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Background:
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a rare eye movement disorder in the pediatric population.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective review at a university-based tertiary referral ophthalmology practice from 2004 to 2012 to identify pediatric patients with INO.
Results:
Three patients with INO were identified. Etiologies included high-grade astrocytoma, perinantal hypoxia and neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage. One of our patients, a 2 year-old girl, is the youngest reported case of INO.
Conclusion:
While rare, INO in a pediatric patient requires a full neurologic evaluation and careful follow-up to assess eye position and potentially treat amblyopia.
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