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Creatol (5-hydroxycreatinine), a new toxin candidate in uremic patients
1Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Hyogo, Japan.
Experientia
|May 15, 1990
Summary
Uremic patients excrete novel oxidative metabolites of creatinine (1), including 5-hydroxycreatinine (creatol). These findings reveal a new pathway for the production of the uremic toxin methylguanidine (8).
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Uremic Toxin Metabolism
Background:
- Creatinine (1) is a well-known biomarker and metabolic product.
- Uremic patients exhibit altered metabolic profiles, including the accumulation of toxins.
- The metabolic fate of creatinine in uremia is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize novel urinary metabolites of creatinine in uremic patients.
- To investigate the metabolic pathways leading to uremic toxins from creatinine.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and identification of urinary compounds from uremic patients.
- Chemical structure elucidation of novel metabolites.
Main Results:
- 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (3) and 5-hydroxycreatinine (creatol) (6) were isolated from uremic patient urine.
- These compounds are likely oxidative metabolites of creatinine (1).
- A newly recognized metabolite is implicated in the enhanced production of methylguanidine (8) from creatinine (1).
Conclusions:
- Novel oxidative metabolites of creatinine, including creatol, are present in uremic urine.
- These metabolites provide insight into the enhanced formation of methylguanidine, a key uremic toxin.