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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model
09:32

Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model

Published on: February 23, 2020

Aortic distensibility in type 1 diabetes.

Evrim B Turkbey1, Alban Redheuil, Jye-Yu C Backlund

  • 1Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Diabetes Care
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Long-term high blood sugar and high blood pressure significantly increase aortic stiffness in type 1 diabetes patients. Macroalbuminuria also contributes to this dangerous arterial stiffening.

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Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
10:08

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound

Published on: December 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Arterial stiffness, particularly of the ascending aorta, is an independent predictor of CVD events.
  • The impact of long-term glycemic control and traditional CVD risk factors on aortic stiffness in type 1 diabetes requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between long-term glycemic control (HbA1c), traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and ascending aortic (AA) stiffness.
  • To assess the influence of macroalbuminuria on AA stiffness in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 879 participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.
  • Measured ascending thoracic aorta (AA) stiffness and distensibility using magnetic resonance imaging.
  • Employed multivariate linear regression models to analyze associations between AA distensibility, CVD risk factors, mean HbA1c, and cardiovascular complications.

Main Results:

  • Lower AA distensibility was observed with increasing age, higher systolic blood pressure, elevated LDL cholesterol, and higher mean HbA1c over 22 years.
  • Macroalbuminuria was associated with a 25% reduction in AA distensibility (P < 0.0001).
  • Increased left ventricular mass to volume ratio also correlated with reduced AA distensibility.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic hyperglycemia, hypertension, and macroalbuminuria exert significant adverse effects on ascending aortic stiffness in type 1 diabetes.
  • These findings highlight the detrimental impact of metabolic and hemodynamic factors on vascular health in this population.