Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X₂ to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

l-Valine ethyl ester hydro-chloride.

IUCrData·2026

Same author

2-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-1,3-dioxane - localization of hydrogen atoms.

IUCrData·2026

Same author

Triclinic polymorph of 1-hy-droxy-cyclo-hexa-necarb-oxy-lic acid.

IUCrData·2026

Same author

Methyl 4,6-<i>O</i>-benzyl-idene-α-d-gluco-pyran-oside monohydrate.

IUCrData·2026

Same author

Cetylpyridinium bromide monohydrate: localization of H atoms.

IUCrData·2026

Same author

Next-generation polydopamine nanocoatings advancing the understanding of surface properties and antimicrobial efficacy.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

1,5-Dibromo-2,4-dimeth-oxy-benzene.

A M Vijesh¹, Arun M Isloor, Thomas Gerber

¹GITAM University, Department of Engineering Chemistry, GIT, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, A.P. 530 045, India.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|March 12, 2013

Summary

This study details the crystal structure of C8H8Br2O2, revealing a planar molecular configuration. Molecules are interconnected by weak hydrogen bonds, forming extended chains within the crystal lattice.

More Related Videos

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Solid-state chemistry
Molecular structure analysis

Background:

Understanding molecular arrangement is crucial for predicting material properties.
Crystal packing influences intermolecular interactions and macroscopic behavior.
Previous studies on similar compounds provide context for this investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the three-dimensional crystal structure of the title compound, C8H8Br2O2.
To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.
To characterize the planarity and hydrogen bonding network within the crystal.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of atomic coordinates and bond lengths/angles.
Identification and analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions (C-H···O).

Main Results:

The title compound, C8H8Br2O2, exhibits a planar arrangement of its non-hydrogen atoms (r.m.s deviation = 0.0330 Å).
Weak C-H···O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary intermolecular forces.
These interactions lead to the formation of one-dimensional chains extending along the b-axis.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure of C8H8Br2O2 is characterized by planar molecules and a specific hydrogen bonding motif.
The observed chain formation is a direct consequence of the identified weak C-H···O interactions.
This structural information contributes to the broader understanding of halogenated organic compounds in the solid state.