Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

What affects the movement can be seen from the movement: Effects of optical information and dynamical constraints on movement production and perception.

Journal of vision·2026

Same author

The Long-Term Absence of Static Stereopsis Cultivates Adaptive Planning of Reaching-to-Grasp.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025

Same author

Experience modulates gaze behavior and the effectiveness of information pickup to overcome the inversion effect in biological motion perception.

PloS one·2025

Same author

Perceiving visual events uses optical information that reflects dynamics rather than resembles appearance.

British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)·2024

Same author

The allocentric nature of ground-surface representation: A study of depth and location perception.

Vision research·2024

Same author

The information variables for controlling manual transfer of liquid-filled containers.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Embodied memory: effective and stable perception by combining optic flow and image structure.

Jing Samantha Pan¹, Ned Bingham, Geoffrey P Bingham

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance

|March 13, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Combining optic flow and image structure enhances visual perception and embodied memory. This integrated approach overcomes the limitations of relying solely on memory within the head, leading to more stable and robust recall.

More Related Videos

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Visual Perception
Ecological Psychology

Background:

Visual perception research often isolates optic flow or image structure, neglecting their synergistic potential.
Optic flow provides dynamic 3D structure information but is transient, while image structure offers stable but less detailed spatial cues.
Progressive occlusion highlights the interplay between optic flow and image structure for tracking objects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the combined role of optic flow and image structure in embodied memory.
To compare the efficacy of combined visual information versus memory-in-the-head.
To examine the stability of embodied memory over time.

Main Methods:

Four experiments were conducted to assess visual perception and memory.
Participants' performance was evaluated using conditions relying on optic flow alone, image structure alone, and their combination.
Embodied memory was contrasted with memory-in-the-head under varying temporal conditions.

Main Results:

Optic flow or image structure individually were less effective for memory recall.
The combination of optic flow and image structure significantly improved memory performance.
Embodied memory demonstrated superior stability over extended periods compared to memory-in-the-head.

Conclusions:

The integration of optic flow and image structure is crucial for robust visual perception and memory.
Embodied memory, leveraging combined visual cues, significantly surpasses the capacity of memory-in-the-head.
Findings support ecological psychology principles regarding perception and memory in dynamic environments.