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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement

A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement

Published on: February 22, 2022

Applying the critical velocity model for an off-season interval training program.

Ida E Clark¹, Brianne M West, Sheila K Reynolds

¹Viola Holbrook Human Performance Laboratory, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

|March 13, 2013

Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves critical velocity (CV) in female soccer players. However, longer HIIT intervals may decrease the finite work capacity above CV (D').

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Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Training Methodology

Background:

The critical velocity (CV) model provides a framework for designing high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
Empirical data on different velocity-time (V-t) configurations of HIIT within the CV model are limited.
Understanding the impact of varied HIIT protocols on CV and finite work capacity above CV (D') is crucial for optimizing athletic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of two distinct HIIT V-t configurations on CV and D' in competitive female soccer players.
To compare the efficacy of shorter, higher-velocity HIIT versus longer, lower-velocity HIIT in improving key endurance metrics.

Main Methods:

Twenty competitive female soccer players were divided into two groups, undertaking 4 weeks of 2 d·wk HIIT.
One group (short) performed higher velocity, shorter duration intervals; the other (long) performed lower velocity, longer duration intervals.
Critical velocity (CV) and finite work capacity above CV (D') were assessed pre- and post-training using a 3-minute all-out test.

Main Results:

Both HIIT groups demonstrated significant increases in CV (+6%) and decreases in D' (-13%; p < 0.05).
No significant differences were observed between the V-t configurations regarding the changes in CV and D'.

Conclusions:

HIIT protocols utilizing 2- to 5-minute intervals effectively enhance CV in trained athletes.
These protocols may lead to a reduction in D', suggesting a potential trade-off in training adaptations.
Future research should explore shorter HIIT intervals (<2 minutes) at higher intensities (>130% VO2max) to potentially improve D'.