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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Updated: May 13, 2026

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

[Tension pneumothorax during hyperbaric oxygen therapy].

Yukinori Inoue¹, Satoru Yoshida, Yasuo Hirose

¹Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata 950-1197.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology

|March 14, 2013

Summary

A rare case of tension pneumothorax occurred during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in an 86-year-old man with intestinal obstruction. Prompt recognition and thoracic drainage were crucial for successful resuscitation.

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Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Medicine
Emergency Medicine
Pulmonology

Background:

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment involving breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber.
Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common surgical complication requiring various treatment modalities.
Tension pneumothorax is a critical condition where air accumulates in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse and hemodynamic instability.

Observation:

An 86-year-old male with adhesive intestinal obstruction presented with malaise and abdominal pain.
The patient underwent computed tomography, confirming intestinal obstruction.
During the second session of HBOT, the patient experienced dyspnea and backache post-decompression, followed by cardiac arrest.

Findings:

Tension pneumothorax was diagnosed immediately after the patient was removed from the hyperbaric chamber.
The patient was successfully resuscitated through immediate thoracic drainage.
This event highlights a rare but life-threatening complication of HBOT.

Implications:

This case underscores the critical importance of pre-HBOT screening for conditions like pneumothorax.
Early detection and management of pneumothorax are vital for patient safety during HBOT.
Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for respiratory complications in patients undergoing HBOT, especially those with pre-existing conditions.