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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

Clarifying delirium management: practical, evidenced-based, expert recommendations for clinical practice.

Scott A Irwin1, Rosene D Pirrello, Jeremy M Hirst

  • 1San Diego Hospice and The Institute for Palliative Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. scottirwinmd@gmail.com

Journal of Palliative Medicine
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study offers a new approach to assessing and managing delirium in serious illnesses. Practical guidance for clinicians aims to reduce patient and family distress through comprehensive assessment and tailored interventions.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Delirium is common in serious or advanced medical illnesses.
  • It causes significant distress for patients, families, and healthcare providers.
  • Existing management strategies require enhancement for comprehensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel approach to delirium assessment and management.
  • To provide practical clinical guidance for managing delirium.
  • To synthesize literature review and expert opinion for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Expert clinical opinion synthesis.
  • Development of a practical assessment and management framework.

Main Results:

  • A framework for comprehensive delirium assessment, including symptoms, comorbidities, and goals of care.
  • Distinction between reversible and irreversible delirium subtypes to guide management.
  • Presentation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for symptom relief and distress reduction.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, practical approach to delirium assessment and management is presented.
  • Interventions, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, alleviate symptoms and distress.
  • This approach is applicable across all care settings, including home care.