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Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...

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Related Experiment Video

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High-throughput Yeast Plasmid Overexpression Screen
08:57

High-throughput Yeast Plasmid Overexpression Screen

Published on: July 27, 2011

The secretory pathway: exploring yeast diversity.

Marizela Delic1, Minoska Valli, Alexandra B Graf

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Vienna, Austria.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein secretion pathways in yeast share core functions with mammals but exhibit significant species-specific variations. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has gene duplications, while other yeasts may lack certain secretion steps, impacting protein production.

Keywords:
endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradationglycosylationprotein foldingprotein secretiontranslocationvesicle transport

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Protein secretion is a fundamental biological process in eukaryotes, involving complex steps and numerous proteins.
  • While core secretion mechanisms are conserved from yeast to mammals, functional differences exist, particularly between yeast species.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for applications in protein production and studying pathogenic yeasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the canonical protein secretion pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To highlight differences between yeast and mammalian secretion processes.
  • To perform a genomic comparison of the S. cerevisiae secretion pathway with seven other yeast species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on protein secretion.
  • Comparative genomic analysis of secretion-related genes across different yeast species.
  • Identification of conserved and divergent steps in the protein secretion pathway.

Main Results:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits gene duplications leading to redundancy in some secretion steps, unlike other investigated yeasts.
  • Certain protein secretion processes found in other yeasts are absent in S. cerevisiae.
  • Homologous genes can result in distinct secretion phenotypes due to sequence and gene expression regulation differences.

Conclusions:

  • Significant functional divergence exists in protein secretion pathways among yeast species, impacting their utility as production platforms.
  • The model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a unique secretion system compared to other species like Candida albicans and Pichia pastoris.
  • Further research is needed to resolve unresolved questions regarding protein secretion mechanisms and their evolutionary variations.