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Low bend loss waveguides enable compact, efficient 3D photonic chips.

Alexander Arriola1, Simon Gross, Nemanja Jovanovic

  • 1MQ Photonics Research Centre, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia. alex.arriola@mq.edu.au

Optics Express
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method for fabricating femtosecond-laser written waveguides with low bend loss. This technique enables sharp bends and high throughput for photonic devices, paving the way for complex integrated optics.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Femtosecond-laser writing is a key technique for fabricating optical waveguides in various materials.
  • Achieving low bend loss in optical waveguides is crucial for miniaturizing photonic devices and enabling complex integrated circuits.
  • Existing methods often struggle to balance waveguide performance with fabrication complexity and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel two-step fabrication method for femtosecond-laser written waveguides with significantly reduced bend losses.
  • To enable single-mode operation in the C-band for waveguides with sharp bends.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication of a 3D photonic device, a pupil-remapper, using this new technique.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step fabrication process involving initial fabrication of large multimode waveguides.

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  • A subsequent thermal post-annealing step to modify the refractive index profile, specifically erasing the outer ring.
  • Characterization of waveguide performance, including bend loss, throughput, and single-mode operation in the C-band.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully fabricated waveguides with sharp bends as small as 16.6 mm radius.
    • Achieved high normalized throughputs of 80% in the fabricated waveguides.
    • Demonstrated the first efficient 3D pupil-remapper device with negligible bend losses.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented method effectively reduces bend losses in femtosecond-laser written waveguides by exploiting differential thermal stabilities of refractive index modifications.
    • This technique allows for the creation of compact, complex photonic chips with numerous waveguides and short fabrication times.
    • The ability to create sharp bends and high throughput opens new avenues for advanced integrated photonic devices.