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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Published on: June 8, 2018

Multi-wavelength generation by self-seeded four-wave mixing.

N A Cholan1, M H Al-Mansoori, A S M Noor

  • 1Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang.Selangor, Malaysia.

Optics Express
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates a cost-effective method for generating multiple wavelengths using cascaded four-wave mixing. The technique utilizes a tunable fiber laser, producing six stable, tunable wavelengths with high signal-to-noise ratios.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Published on: June 8, 2018

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Fiber Optics

Background:

  • Generating multiple wavelengths is crucial for various applications, including optical communications and spectroscopy.
  • Traditional methods often require complex setups with external tunable lasers and modulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a cost-effective and simplified method for generating multi-wavelengths.
  • To investigate the cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) effect for wavelength generation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a broadened linewidth tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser as an intracavity pump.
  • Experimentally demonstrating cascaded four-wave mixing without external tunable lasers or pump modulators.
  • Varying the erbium-doped fiber amplifier output power to influence the number of FWM cascades.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated six stable wavelengths with an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) greater than 10 dB.
  • Achieved stable output with peak power fluctuations below 1 dB over a 30-minute period.
  • Demonstrated tunability of generated wavelengths with spacing ranging from 1.03 nm to 11.31 nm.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed scheme offers a cost-effective and simplified approach to multi-wavelength generation.
  • The number of generated wavelengths scales with amplifier output power.
  • The method provides stable and tunable multi-wavelength output suitable for various photonic applications.