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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Correlation between epilepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study.

I-Ching Chou¹, Yu-Tzu Chang, Zheng-Nan Chin

¹Children's Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

|March 14, 2013

Summary

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy show a bidirectional link. This study found individuals with epilepsy had a higher risk of ADHD, and those with ADHD had a greater risk of developing epilepsy.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

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Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Epidemiology

Background:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy are common neurodevelopmental disorders.
The relationship between ADHD and epilepsy is complex and not fully understood.
Previous research suggests potential shared underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the bidirectional association between ADHD and epilepsy.
To evaluate the risk of developing ADHD in individuals with epilepsy and vice versa.
To utilize a large population-based database for robust epidemiological analysis.

Main Methods:

Two retrospective cohort studies were conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.
Cohort 1 included patients with epilepsy and matched controls; Cohort 2 included patients with ADHD and matched controls.
Participants were individuals under 19 years old, with follow-up until 2008 to assess subsequent diagnoses.

Main Results:

Patients with epilepsy had a significantly higher risk of developing ADHD (HR=2.54).
Individuals with ADHD showed a substantially increased risk of subsequent epilepsy diagnosis (HR=3.94).
Incidence rates for ADHD were higher in the epilepsy cohort, and epilepsy incidence was higher in the ADHD cohort.

Conclusions:

A significant bidirectional association exists between ADHD and epilepsy.
Common underlying factors may contribute to the co-occurrence of these conditions.
These shared factors could involve brain alterations affecting behavior, cognition, and seizure susceptibility.