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Updated: May 13, 2026

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds

Published on: August 25, 2020

Mass affects lower extremity muscle activity patterns in children's gait.

Verity J Blakemore¹, Philip W Fink, Sally D Lark

¹School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, 63 Wallace Street, Mt Cook, Wellington 6041, New Zealand.

|March 15, 2013

Summary

Children with overweight (OW) and underweight (UW) body mass exhibit distinct lower extremity muscle activation patterns during walking. OW children may use a more passive gait strategy to conserve energy, while UW children show greater muscle activation for movement.

Keywords:

Biomechanics Locomotion Obesity Paediatrics

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Area of Science:

Biomechanical analysis of pediatric gait.
Neuromuscular adaptations in children's locomotion.

Background:

Overweight children exhibit altered gait biomechanics.
Limited understanding of muscle activation differences related to body mass in pediatric gait.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate lower extremity muscle activation patterns in children with varying body mass (overweight, normal-weight, underweight).
To analyze these patterns across different walking speeds (slow, self-selected, fast).

Main Methods:

Electromyography (EMG) of vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles.
Gait analysis on a treadmill at three speeds in 20 children (8-12 years) categorized by body mass.
Analysis of muscle activation duration as a percentage of stride, stance, or swing phases.

Main Results:

Underweight children showed longer vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior activation during swing compared to overweight children.
Overweight children had greater gastrocnemius activation duration during stride and stance at fast speeds.
Increased walking speed led to greater vastus lateralis activation in all groups and increased tibialis anterior activation in normal-weight children.

Conclusions:

Children with higher body mass may employ a more passive gait strategy during swing phase for energy conservation.
Increased gastrocnemius activity during stance in overweight children suggests enhanced stability and propulsion.
Findings elucidate neuromuscular mechanisms underlying biomechanical gait differences in children with varying body mass.