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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

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Published on: January 27, 2010

Predicting acute pain after cesarean delivery using three simple questions.

Peter H Pan1, Ashley M Tonidandel, Carol A Aschenbrenner

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. ppan@wakehealth.edu

Anesthesiology
|March 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A simple three-item questionnaire effectively predicts postcesarean pain intensity. This tool aids in tailoring pain management for patients undergoing cesarean delivery, improving analgesic therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Postoperative pain intensity varies significantly between individuals, posing a clinical challenge.
  • Preoperative quantitative sensory testing aids in predicting pain but is time-intensive.
  • A novel, simple three-item preoperative questionnaire was developed to predict acute postcesarean pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a predictive model for acute postcesarean pain.
  • To assess the utility of a simple preoperative questionnaire in predicting pain intensity.
  • To identify patients at higher risk for severe postcesarean pain.

Main Methods:

  • Two hundred women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were enrolled.
  • Patients completed a three-item questionnaire assessing audio tone loudness, anxiety, anticipated pain, and analgesic needs.
  • Regression analysis was used to develop a predictive model, subsequently validated in a separate cohort.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative questionnaire responses showed moderate correlation with 24-hour evoked pain intensity (r = 0.24–0.33).
  • A statistically significant predictive model (R = 0.20) was developed and validated (R = 0.18).
  • The model demonstrated balanced sensitivity (0.68) and specificity (0.67) for predicting high pain scores.

Conclusions:

  • A simple three-item questionnaire effectively predicts postcesarean evoked pain intensity.
  • The questionnaire can be utilized in clinical settings to identify patients requiring tailored analgesic therapy.
  • This approach supports personalized pain management strategies for cesarean delivery patients.