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Growth charts of human development.

Stef van Buuren¹

¹Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Methodology and Statistics, FSS, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands stef.vanbuuren@tno.nl.

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

|March 15, 2013

Summary

This study compares two growth chart methods for tracking human development. The D-score and stage line diagrams offer distinct ways to measure development, aiding in identifying deviations from typical growth patterns.

Keywords:

Bayley scale D-score diagram Tanner stages age continuity gain score references stage line diagram

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Area of Science:

Human Development
Biostatistics
Growth Monitoring

Background:

Accurate tracking of human development is crucial for identifying deviations from typical growth.
Existing growth charts utilize different approaches to represent developmental progress.
Understanding these differences is key to selecting appropriate monitoring tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare two distinct growth chart methodologies: the D-score diagram and the stage line diagram.
To evaluate their effectiveness in tracking human development across different age groups.
To provide updated reference values for these developmental tracking tools.

Main Methods:

The D-score diagram summarizes developmental indicators using a single aggregate score, assuming Rasch model consistency for interval scale properties.
The stage line diagram models the natural progression of ordinal indicators, quantifying stage locations using mid-P-values and age-dependent transition probabilities.
Both methods are illustrated using data from infancy and early childhood (0-2 years) and Tanner pubertal stages (8-21 years).

Main Results:

The D-score diagram provides interval scale properties for global development assessment.
The stage line diagram effectively models the natural development of ordinal indicators over age.
Both diagrams successfully assist in identifying early/delayed development and tempo differences, with new reference values provided.

Conclusions:

The D-score and stage line diagrams are valuable tools for monitoring human development, offering complementary insights.
These methods facilitate the identification of developmental variations and provide a basis for timely interventions.
The study provides updated reference data for enhanced accuracy in growth tracking.