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Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
15:01

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

Third party involvement in barroom conflicts.

Michael J Parks1, D Wayne Osgood, Richard B Felson

  • 1The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. mjp367@psu.edu

Aggressive Behavior
|March 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Third parties intervene more in severe, mutual, male-only, and intoxicated conflicts in bars. Non-aggressive intervention is more likely when danger signals are present, suggesting a response to perceived harm.

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Published on: February 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Bystander intervention research often focuses on emergencies.
  • Limited research exists on third-party intervention in bar conflicts.
  • Understanding situational factors influencing intervention is crucial for safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate situational variables affecting third-party intervention in bar conflicts.
  • To determine factors influencing whether intervention is aggressive or non-aggressive.
  • To test the hypothesis that danger cues increase intervention likelihood.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of 860 aggression incidents across 87 bars in Toronto.
  • Data collected over 503 nights, analyzing verbal and physical aggression.
  • Statistical analysis using cross-tabulations and Hierarchical Logistic Models.

Main Results:

  • Third-party involvement increased with aggression severity and mutuality.
  • Intervention was more likely in male-only conflicts and when participants were more intoxicated.
  • These factors predicted non-aggressive intervention more strongly than aggressive intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Third parties appear to assess perceived danger when deciding to intervene.
  • Findings support the role of situational variables in bystander intervention in aggressive contexts.
  • Results can inform prevention and intervention strategies for reducing aggression in public venues.