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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

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Published on: December 4, 2017

Dynamical properties of random-field Ising model.

Suman Sinha1, Pradipta Kumar Mandal

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India. suman.sinha.phys@gmail.com

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extensive simulations reveal how disorder affects spin systems. Weak random fields allow long-range order in the Ising model, but stronger disorder prevents it.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Disordered spin systems exhibit complex behaviors.
  • Understanding the impact of randomness on magnetic order is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate disorder-induced changes in a two-dimensional random field Ising model.
  • To analyze the nonequilibrium dynamics of domain growth and order parameter evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive Monte Carlo simulations were employed.
  • Studied time evolution in the nonequilibrium regime.
  • Analyzed domain growth, order parameter, and spin-spin correlations.

Main Results:

  • Dynamical evolution showed power law scaling with disorder-dependent exponents.
  • Long-range order was observed for weak random fields.
  • Pinning interactions dominated over exchange interactions for significant disorder.

Conclusions:

  • The two-dimensional random field Ising model exhibits long-range order only under weak disorder conditions.
  • Stronger disorder prevents the establishment of long-range order due to pinning effects.