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The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Colloids

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Kinetically driven ordered phase formation in binary colloidal crystals.

D Bochicchio¹, A Videcoq, R Ferrando

¹Dipartimento di Fisica and CNR-IMEM, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova I-16146, Italy.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|March 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Colloidal crystal formation is kinetically controlled, favoring the sodium-chloride (NaCl) phase over the thermodynamically stable cesium-chloride (CsCl) phase. This occurs through a two-step aggregation and crystallization process.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Computational Physics
Materials Science

Background:

Binary colloidal suspensions exhibit complex aggregation behaviors.
Understanding phase formation in these systems is crucial for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dominant factors governing the formation of colloidal crystal phases.
To determine if kinetic or thermodynamic factors control the resulting crystal structure.

Main Methods:

Brownian dynamics simulations were employed to study dilute suspensions.
Stochastic rotation dynamics-molecular dynamics simulations analyzed hydrodynamic effects.
Global optimization searches explored cluster structures.

Main Results:

Colloidal crystal formation is primarily driven by kinetic effects, not thermodynamic stability.
The sodium-chloride (NaCl) phase forms preferentially, even when the cesium-chloride (CsCl) phase is more stable.
A two-step mechanism involving dense fluid aggregates precedes crystallization, with short-range order dictating the final phase.

Conclusions:

Kinetic pathways significantly influence colloidal crystallization in binary systems.
The initial aggregation stage and resulting short-range order are critical determinants of the final crystal structure.
Hydrodynamic effects have a negligible impact on crystallite formation.