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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Hepatitis C virus vaccines--progress and perspectives.

Catherine Fauvelle1, Quentin Lepiller, Daniel J Felmlee

  • 1Inserm, U1110, Institut de Virologie, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.

Microbial Pathogenesis
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines faces challenges due to viral genetic variability and limited animal models. Promising vaccine candidates are advancing through preclinical and clinical development.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 170 million people globally.
  • Direct-acting antivirals have improved treatment, but vaccine development remains challenging.
  • HCV's high genetic variability and lack of suitable animal models hinder vaccine progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular virology and immunology pertinent to HCV vaccine development.
  • To explain preclinical model systems for evaluating HCV vaccine candidates.
  • To highlight recent advancements in HCV vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular virology and immunology of HCV.
  • Explanation of preclinical model systems for vaccine testing.
  • Highlighting of recently developed HCV vaccine candidates.

Main Results:

  • Several promising HCV vaccine candidates are in preclinical and clinical development.
  • Advances in understanding HCV virology and immunology support vaccine design.
  • Various model systems are employed for preclinical HCV vaccine evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, progress is being made in developing effective hepatitis C virus vaccines.
  • Ongoing research into HCV molecular virology, immunology, and preclinical models is crucial.
  • Several vaccine candidates show promise for future clinical application.