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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Plasma NGAL levels in stable kidney transplant recipients and the risk of allograft loss.

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Combined standard and novel immunosuppressive substances affect B-lymphocyte function.

Mareen Matz1, Martin Lehnert, Christine Lorkowski

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Universitätsmedizin Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. mareen.matz@charite.de

International Immunopharmacology
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Standard immunosuppressants like everolimus and mycophenolic acid effectively suppress B-cell activation in kidney transplant patients. However, the novel proteinkinase C inhibitor sotrastaurin unexpectedly reversed these beneficial effects when combined.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Humoral rejection remains a significant challenge for renal transplant recipients.
  • Current therapies manage acute antibody-mediated rejection but fail to prevent long-term graft dysfunction due to persistent donor-specific antibodies.
  • Maintenance immunosuppression strategies require optimization, considering the interplay between T-cell and B-cell responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of combined immunosuppressive agents on human B-lymphocyte activation and function.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of sotrastaurin, mycophenolic acid, and everolimus, alone and in combination, on B-cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of complementary administrations of sotrastaurin, mycophenolic acid, and everolimus.
  • Assessment of activation and function of human primary B-lymphocytes.

Main Results:

  • Everolimus and mycophenolic acid demonstrated significant suppression of B-cell activation, both individually and combined.
  • Sotrastaurin, a proteinkinase C inhibitor, exhibited an unexpected reversal of suppressive effects on B-cell functions when used with everolimus and mycophenolic acid.

Conclusions:

  • Standard immunosuppressants like everolimus and mycophenolic acid are effective in inhibiting B-cell activation.
  • The combination of sotrastaurin with these agents may negatively impact B-cell function, warranting further investigation for optimizing immunosuppression in renal transplantation.