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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
Key parameters for method validation include:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

Certified reference materials and reference methods for nuclear safeguards and security.

R Jakopič1, M Sturm, M Kraiem

  • 1European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certified reference materials are crucial for nuclear safeguards and security, ensuring reliable measurements of uranium and plutonium in environmental and nuclear materials. New reference materials and methods are developed to meet evolving analytical demands and enhance measurement accuracy.

Keywords:
Age datingCertified reference materialsIDMSNuclear safeguards and securityQuality controlTraceability

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A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
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A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear chemistry and analytical science
  • Materials science and metrology
  • Nuclear safeguards and security

Background:

  • Reliable measurement of nuclear materials is essential for proliferation resistance and environmental monitoring.
  • The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) develops certified reference materials (CRMs) and methods for nuclear safeguards.
  • Evolving analytical techniques necessitate updated CRMs and reference methods for accurate nuclear material analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and certify new reference materials for nuclear safeguards and security applications.
  • To improve the accuracy and reliability of uranium and plutonium measurements in nuclear and environmental samples.
  • To advance measurement capabilities for proliferation resistance and environmental monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and certification of large-sized dried (LSD) spikes for uranium and plutonium content analysis.
  • Development of particle reference materials for detecting nuclear signatures in environmental samples.
  • Application of Modified Total Evaporation (MTE) technique for accurate isotope abundance ratio measurements.

Main Results:

  • IRMM is updating and re-measuring existing CRMs to reduce measurement uncertainties.
  • New CRMs are tailored to meet the demands of modern analytical techniques.
  • Development of advanced techniques for analyzing minor isotope ratios in uranium and plutonium is ongoing.

Conclusions:

  • The continuous development of CRMs and reference methods by IRMM is vital for enhancing nuclear safeguards and security.
  • Improved measurement accuracy and reliability are achieved through updated CRMs and advanced analytical techniques.
  • Future work includes developing plutonium reference materials for age dating, addressing a current gap in available standards.