Nano-sized 58S bioactive glass enhances proliferation and osteogenic genes expression of osteoblast-like cells

To observe the effects of ionic dissolution products on nano-sized 58S bioactive glass (nano-58S) on proliferation and specific osteogenic genes expression in MG-63 cells.

Ionic dissolution products were prepared by incubating nano-58S or sol-gel bioactive glass 58S (58S) particulates in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 1% w/v for 24 hr and filtrated through 0.22 µm filters to remove the particulates. MG-63 cells were cultured in the nano-58S extraction, 58S extraction, and DMEM, respectively, for different time periods to assay the proliferation, mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Cbfa1, Collagen type I (Col-I) and osteocalcin (OCN), as well as ALP staining, activity and matrix mineralisation.

In the nano-58S group, cell proliferation and mRNA expression of ALP, Cbfa1 and OCN were significantly enhanced in a time-dependent manner compared with the control group. mRNA expression of Cbfa1 on day 4 and OCN on day 7 was significantly higher than that in the 58S group. Moreover, there was significantly more ALP protein expression and mineralisation in the nano-58S group than in the 58S group.

The nano-58S enhanced proliferation, osteogenic markers expression in MG-63 cells and induced stronger mineralization than 58S.