Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Training an unconstrained 6 DOF biomimetic robotic eye with deep reinforcement learning.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same author

Measuring Spectrotemporal Sensitivity in Cochlear Implant Users With a Reaction-Time Paradigm: A Comparison of Two Implementations.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same author

Broad generalisation of the ventriloquism aftereffect across sound frequencies.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Implications of phase difference and amplitude ratio from intracochlear and extracochlear electrocochleography in normal-hearing guinea pigs.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

Unraveling Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways in Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Using the soft actor-critic algorithm to generate rapid eye movements with an unconstrained 6DOF biomimetic robotic eye.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Stable bottom-up processing during dynamic top-down modulations in monkey auditory cortex.

Roohollah Massoudi1, Marc M Van Wanrooij, Sigrid M C I Van Wetter

  • 1Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Top-down processes in the auditory cortex (AC) do not disrupt sound analysis. Neurons in the AC maintain stable spectrotemporal tuning, ensuring a reliable acoustic environment representation during auditory tasks.

More Related Videos

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Top-down processing in the auditory cortex (AC) may interfere with bottom-up sound analysis.
  • Attention alters neuronal spectrotemporal tuning, potentially destabilizing acoustic representations.
  • A stable acoustic environment is crucial for auditory perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if top-down signals influence acoustic tuning in the AC during tasks without directed attention.
  • To determine the impact of behavioral conditions on AC neuronal responses to dynamic sounds.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded single-unit responses in monkey auditory cortex (primary AC and area R) to dynamic spectrotemporal sounds.
  • Compared neuronal responses under different behavioral conditions, including an auditory detection task.
  • Analyzed neuronal spectrotemporal receptive fields for stability.

Main Results:

  • Auditory cortex (AC) responses were significantly modulated by an auditory detection task, linked to top-down processes.
  • Despite substantial modulations, neuronal spectrotemporal receptive fields remained remarkably stable.
  • Neurons in primary AC fields showed stable tuning and short onset latencies.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory cortex (AC) employs multiplexed encoding, integrating bottom-up acoustic and top-down task-related signals.
  • This mechanism preserves a stable acoustic environment representation despite non-acoustic modulations.
  • Top-down signals do not necessarily interfere with the AC's core function of representing sound.