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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Electrostatic repulsion between cucurbit[7]urils can be overcome in [3]pseudorotaxane without adding salts.

M Pessêgo1, J A Moreira, A M Rosa da Costa

  • 1Departamento de Química Física, Centro de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago, 15782 Santiago, Spain.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) forms [3]pseudorotaxanes with bolaform surfactants longer than 14 carbons. Shorter bolaforms form mixed structures due to electrostatic repulsion, as shown by NMR and ITC.

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Host-Guest Chemistry

Background:

  • Bolaform surfactants are molecules with two hydrophilic head groups connected by a hydrophobic alkyl chain.
  • Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) is a macrocyclic host known for its ability to bind various guest molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the host-guest complexation between CB7 and bolaform surfactants (Bn) with varying alkyl chain lengths (n=12-22).
  • To understand the factors influencing the formation of pseudorotaxanes and the stoichiometry of the resulting complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze complex formation and structure.
  • Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) to quantify binding affinities and thermodynamics.
  • Kinetic measurements to study the dynamics of complex assembly.

Main Results:

  • Bolaform surfactants with alkyl chain lengths (n) greater than 14 form [3]pseudorotaxanes, accommodating two CB7 molecules between their head groups without electrolytes.
  • Bolaform surfactants with n=12 form a mixed structure, consisting of a [2]pseudorotaxane and an external host-guest complex, due to electrostatic repulsion between adjacent CB7 molecules.
  • The study elucidated the critical role of alkyl chain length in determining the self-assembly behavior and stoichiometry of CB7-bolaform complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The length of the bolaform surfactant's alkyl chain dictates the type of supramolecular assembly formed with CB7.
  • Electrostatic interactions play a crucial role in preventing the formation of higher-order complexes with shorter bolaforms.
  • This research provides fundamental insights into the rational design of supramolecular architectures using macrocyclic hosts and bolaform surfactants.