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Eales' disease - current concepts in diagnosis and management
Jyotirmay Biswas1, Reesha Karingattil Ravi, Angayarkanni Naryanasamy
1Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, No, 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India. drjb@snmail.org.
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection
|March 22, 2013
Summary
Eales
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Eales' disease is an idiopathic retinal vasculitis characterized by inflammation, occlusion, and neovascularization.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and exclusion of other systemic and ocular conditions.
- Etiology is multifactorial, with recent research implicating human leukocyte antigen, retinal autoimmunity, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and free radical damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the current understanding of Eales' disease, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
- To highlight recent advances in identifying potential etiological factors.
- To outline current therapeutic strategies based on disease stage.
Main Methods:
- Clinical diagnosis based on characteristic retinal findings.
- Exclusionary diagnostic criteria to rule out other conditions.
- Review of immunological, molecular biological, and biochemical studies on disease pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Eales' disease progresses through stages of inflammation, occlusion, and neovascularization.
- Evidence suggests a role for genetic predisposition (HLA), autoimmunity, infectious agents (M. tuberculosis), and oxidative stress.
- Management varies by stage, involving corticosteroids for inflammation and laser photocoagulation for ischemia/neovascularization.
Conclusions:
- Eales' disease is a complex retinal vasculitis with a multifactorial etiology.
- Understanding the interplay of genetic, autoimmune, infectious, and oxidative factors is crucial.
- Staged treatment with corticosteroids and laser photocoagulation remains the cornerstone of management.
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