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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

The immune response in tuberculosis.

Anne O'Garra1, Paul S Redford, Finlay W McNab

  • 1Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK. aogarra@nimr.mrc.ac.uk

Annual Review of Immunology
|March 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding tuberculosis (TB) requires knowing why some infected individuals develop active disease while others remain latent. Host and pathogen factors influencing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection outcomes are key to TB control.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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11:17

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Published on: August 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) affects millions globally, with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection being common.
  • Only 5-10% of latently infected individuals develop active TB disease.
  • CD4(+) T cells, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF are crucial for controlling TB infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the immune response in tuberculosis.
  • To explore host and pathogen factors influencing TB disease progression.
  • To advance knowledge of host-pathogen interactions in TB.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human studies and experimental models of tuberculosis.
  • Synthesis of data on immune responses and genetic factors.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions impacting disease outcome.

Main Results:

  • Identified critical immune components (CD4(+) T cells, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF) in TB control.
  • Highlighted the lack of clarity on host factors determining TB progression.
  • Acknowledged the potential role of host and pathogen genetic factors in TB risk.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into host factors is essential for understanding TB pathogenesis.
  • Investigating host-pathogen interactions across diverse models is crucial.
  • Mechanistic knowledge is vital for developing effective TB control strategies.