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Inhibitory control and working memory in post-institutionalized children.

Emily C Merz1, Robert B McCall, Amanda J Wright

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 S. Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. emilymerz@gmail.com

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|March 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children adopted from Russian institutions later in life showed deficits in inhibitory control and working memory. These cognitive challenges persisted years after adoption, impacting behavior. Keywords: post-institutionalized children, cognitive development, adoption, working memory, inhibitory control.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Post-institutionalized (PI) children adopted from deprived environments often face developmental challenges.
  • This study examines children from Russian institutions with psychosocial deprivation, focusing on inadequate caregiving despite adequate resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of early institutional deprivation on inhibitory control and working memory in adopted children.
  • To compare cognitive performance based on age at adoption (before 9 months vs. after 14 months).

Main Methods:

  • Assessed inhibitory control (stop-signal task) and working memory (spatial span task, spatial self-ordered search task) in PI children and a non-adopted comparison group.
  • Grouped PI children by age at adoption (early: <9 months; late: >14 months).
  • Controlled for age at assessment and analyzed associations with parent-rated behavior.

Main Results:

  • Late-adopted PI children performed worse on stop-signal and spatial span tasks than early-adopted PI children.
  • Late-adopted PI children showed poorer spatial span performance compared to non-adopted children; early-adopted PI children did not.
  • Task performance correlated with parent-reported hyperactive-impulsive behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged early institutional deprivation is linked to lasting difficulties in inhibitory control and working memory.
  • The timing of adoption is critical, with later adoption associated with greater cognitive deficits.
  • These cognitive impairments may manifest as behavioral issues in everyday contexts.