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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice
06:49

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice

Published on: February 12, 2018

Autoimmune diseases and reproductive aging.

Riley Bove1

  • 1Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Reproductive aging affects autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Further research is needed on hormonal changes and interventions in aging men and women with these conditions.

Keywords:
Andropause;Hormone replacement therapyMenopause;Multiple sclerosis;Rheumatoid arthritis;Systemic lupus erythematosus;

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome
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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice
06:49

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice

Published on: February 12, 2018

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome
12:25

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS) affect aging populations.
  • Reproductive senescence, including menopause and age-related androgen decline, influences autoimmune disease onset and progression.
  • Hormonal changes during aging may impact the course of autoimmune diseases differently in men and women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the relationship between reproductive aging and autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the impact of menopause and androgen decline on SLE, RA, and MS.
  • To identify areas for future research, particularly regarding hormonal interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of disease course differences based on menopausal status and age-related hormonal changes.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps in the understanding of reproductive aging and autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • In men, SLE, RA, and MS are linked to lower androgen levels, but the effect of testosterone replacement is understudied.
  • In women, autoimmune disease onset and course differ before and after menopause.
  • Early menopause increases disease risk, and postmenopausal disease activity changes in SLE and RA.

Conclusions:

  • Reproductive aging significantly impacts autoimmune diseases, necessitating further investigation into hormonal influences.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing effective hormonal interventions for aging individuals with autoimmune conditions.
  • More research is needed, especially concerning multiple sclerosis and the effects of testosterone replacement therapy.