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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser
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Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

Published on: May 9, 2018

Lasers.

T Passeron1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, INSERM U1065, Nice CHU, France. passeron@unice.fr

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laser treatments are effective for many hyperpigmented skin lesions like actinic lentigos and Ota nevus. However, lasers are not suitable for all conditions, such as freckles and melasma, due to high relapse rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Hyperpigmented lesions are common skin concerns.
  • Laser therapy is a widely used treatment modality for various dermatoses.
  • Different types of hyperpigmentation respond variably to laser interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and limitations of laser treatments for diverse hyperpigmented skin conditions.
  • To provide guidance on appropriate laser use for specific pigmentary disorders.
  • To highlight contraindications and potential adverse effects of laser therapy in hyperpigmentation management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on laser treatment outcomes for hyperpigmented lesions.
  • Analysis of the effectiveness of different laser types and parameters.
  • Categorization of hyperpigmentation types based on laser treatment response and relapse rates.

Main Results:

  • Lasers are gold standard for actinic lentigos and dermal hypermelanocytosis (e.g., Ota nevus).
  • Successful treatment is noted for Becker nevus, mosaicisms, and lentigines, though relapses can occur.
  • Lasers are contraindicated for freckles and café-au-lait macules due to high relapse rates; Q-switched lasers are not recommended for melasma due to relapse and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation risks.

Conclusions:

  • Precise diagnosis of hyperpigmentation type is crucial before laser treatment.
  • Patient counseling regarding treatment limitations and potential side effects is mandatory.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the potential benefits of targeting the vascular component in melasma.