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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons
09:36

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons

Published on: May 12, 2014

Advances in cell lineage reprogramming.

Junnian Zhou1, Wen Yue, Xuetao Pei

  • 1Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.

Science China. Life Sciences
|March 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Somatic cell reprogramming offers regenerative medicine advancements, overcoming ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells. Lineage reprogramming shows promise for personalized therapies, despite challenges with induced pluripotent stem cells.

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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons
09:36

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons

Published on: May 12, 2014

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
10:52

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cellular reprogramming

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming is a key advance in regenerative medicine, circumventing ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells.
  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells require complex protocols, leading to low reprogramming efficiency and safety concerns for derived cells.
  • Lineage reprogramming, including adult stem cell plasticity, has been explored since 1987 and is gaining prominence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements and potential of lineage reprogramming in regenerative medicine.
  • To highlight lineage reprogramming as a promising alternative to traditional stem cell therapies.
  • To discuss the future implications of lineage reprogramming for personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on somatic and lineage reprogramming.
  • Analysis of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and its limitations.
  • Exploration of adult stem cell plasticity within the context of lineage reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming provides ethical alternatives to embryonic stem cells.
  • Lineage reprogramming offers a potentially more direct route to therapeutic cells than iPS cells.
  • Adult stem cell plasticity contributes to the broader field of lineage reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Lineage reprogramming is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential in regenerative medicine.
  • This approach may overcome the limitations and safety concerns associated with iPS cell technology.
  • Lineage reprogramming holds promise for developing customized, personalized therapeutic strategies.