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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

EJC core component MLN51 interacts with eIF3 and activates translation.

Pierre-Etienne Chazal1, Elisabeth Daguenet, Corinne Wendling

  • 1Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51), an exon junction complex (EJC) protein, enhances mRNA translation. MLN51 directly interacts with translation factors, linking the EJC to the protein synthesis machinery.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Published on: May 1, 2020

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Published on: May 10, 2018

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Published on: September 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

  • The exon junction complex (EJC) is crucial for mRNA processing, including splicing and decay.
  • The EJC's role in enhancing translation efficiency of new mRNAs is not well understood.
  • The specific EJC components responsible for translation enhancement remain unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific exon junction complex (EJC) component responsible for enhancing mRNA translation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which the EJC influences translation efficiency.
  • To define the role of metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51) in linking the EJC to the translation machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the function of EJC core components in translation using reporter assays.
  • Manipulated MLN51 levels in cells and cell-free extracts to assess its impact on protein synthesis.
  • Performed immunoprecipitation and in vitro binding assays to identify MLN51 interacting partners.

Main Results:

  • Metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51) was identified as the EJC component that enhances translation.
  • Overexpression of MLN51 increased translation of intron-containing reporters, while silencing MLN51 decreased it.
  • MLN51 directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3 and associates with translation-initiating factors and ribosomal subunits.

Conclusions:

  • MLN51 acts as a direct translation activator.
  • MLN51 bridges the exon junction complex (EJC) and the translational machinery.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulating mRNA translation through the EJC.