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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Lipidomics and Transcriptomics in Neurological Diseases
09:58

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Published on: March 18, 2022

Inflammatory mediators in epilepsy.

Lourdes Lorigados Pedre1, Lilia M Morales Chacón, Sandra Orozco Suárez

  • 1Jefe Departamento de Inmunoquímica, Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; Ave 25 No 15805 e/ 158 y 160, CP 11300, Playa, C Habana, Cuba. lourdes.lorigados@infomed.sld.cu.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|March 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation in the central nervous system is linked to epilepsy. Targeting inflammatory pathways, like interleukin-1 beta, may offer new treatments for seizure disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is associated with central nervous system inflammation.
  • Factors like trauma, infections, and malignancies contribute to epilepsy.
  • Inflammation plays a role in seizure occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between inflammatory mediators and epilepsy.
  • To discuss experimental and clinical evidence of inflammation in epilepsy.
  • To highlight potential new therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature.
  • Analysis of human brain tissue data.
  • Examination of experimental epilepsy models.
  • Emphasis on clinical aspects post-resection of epileptogenic focus.

Main Results:

  • Key inflammatory mediators include IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, adhesion molecules, and complement.
  • Specific inflammatory pathways are implicated in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy.
  • Inflammation is a significant factor in epileptogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a common factor in epilepsy development.
  • Understanding inflammatory pathways offers potential for novel epilepsy treatments.
  • Targeting inflammation may lead to new therapeutic options for seizure control.