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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Duodenal UlcersDuodenal ulcers are the most common form of peptic ulcer disease, presenting with chronic, intermittent epigastric pain. Pain typically appears 2–3 hours after meals, especially when the stomach is empty, often waking patients at night. It is characteristically relieved by food or antacids (“pain–food–relief”). Some patients remain asymptomatic until complications like bleeding or perforation emerge, particularly with NSAID or anticoagulant use.Gastric UlcersGastric ulcers share...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic ulcer disease develops when protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa are overwhelmed by harmful factors, leading to localized erosions in the stomach or proximal duodenum. The main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Helicobacter pylori–Induced InjuryBacterial Adaptation and Colonization:H. pylori is a spiral, Gram-negative bacterium adapted to the acidic stomach. and transmitted through oral-oral or...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents01:24

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents

In the intricate landscape of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion disrupts the natural defense mechanisms, weakening the mucus-bicarbonate barrier. This vulnerability allows pepsin to infiltrate epithelial cells, digesting mucosal proteins and triggering erosion, leading to ulcer formation.
In this scenario, mucosal protective agents like sucralfate play an essential role. Sucralfate, a complex of sulfated sucrose and aluminum hydroxide, demonstrates its usefulness in acidic conditions,...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Establishing a Severe Corneal Inflammation Model in Rats Based on Corneal Epithelium Curettage Combined with Corneal Sutures
04:48

Establishing a Severe Corneal Inflammation Model in Rats Based on Corneal Epithelium Curettage Combined with Corneal Sutures

Published on: November 22, 2024

Corneal ulcers in horses.

Lynn B Williams1, Chantale L Pinard

  • 1University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Compendium (Yardley, PA)
|March 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine corneal ulcers require thorough diagnosis including cytology and cultures. Treatment involves topical antibiotics, atropine, NSAIDs, and potentially antifungals or anticollagenase therapy for optimal healing.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Establishing a Severe Corneal Inflammation Model in Rats Based on Corneal Epithelium Curettage Combined with Corneal Sutures
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Published on: November 22, 2024

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Ophthalmology
  • Equine Medicine

Background:

  • Corneal ulceration is a frequent diagnosis in equine practice.
  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment and preventing vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for equine corneal ulcers.
  • To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Complete ophthalmic examination.
  • Diagnostic tests: fluorescein staining, corneal cytology, aerobic bacterial and fungal cultures with sensitivity testing.
  • Therapeutic interventions: topical antibiotics, atropine, systemic NSAIDs, anticollagenase/antiprotease therapy, and antifungal agents.

Main Results:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment.
  • A multi-modal therapeutic approach is often necessary.
  • Subpalpebral lavage systems facilitate consistent medication delivery.
  • Referral surgery is an option for refractory cases or when globe integrity is compromised.

Conclusions:

  • Equine corneal ulcers necessitate a systematic diagnostic workup.
  • Appropriate medical and potentially surgical management leads to favorable outcomes.
  • Timely intervention and consistent therapy are vital for preserving vision in horses.