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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy
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Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: May 24, 2016

Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in dogs.

Andrew K Barker1, Chase Stahl, Steve M Ensley

  • 1Iowa State University, IA, USA.

Compendium (Yardley, PA)
|March 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Ingesting tremorgenic mycotoxins from spoiled food can cause acute tremor syndrome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for recovery from this potentially severe condition.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Food Safety
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Spoiled foods can contain tremorgenic mycotoxins.
  • Ingestion of these toxins can lead to acute tremor syndrome.
  • The syndrome's severity varies, potentially becoming life-threatening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing tremorgenic mycotoxin ingestion.
  • To emphasize the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
  • To inform about the generally positive prognosis with timely intervention.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract does not detail specific methods.
  • It focuses on the clinical presentation and management principles.
  • Information is based on established toxicological and clinical knowledge.

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Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy
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Main Results:

  • Tremorgenic mycotoxin ingestion causes a distinct acute tremor syndrome.
  • Severity ranges from mild symptoms to life-threatening neurological impairment.
  • Early recognition and treatment are associated with complete resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Swift identification of tremorgenic mycotoxin exposure is critical.
  • Accurate prognostication and rapid therapy improve patient outcomes.
  • Most cases of tremorgenic mycotoxin-induced tremor syndrome resolve fully with appropriate care.