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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

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Related Experiment Videos

RNA in the loop.

Johnny T Y Kung1, Jeannie T Lee

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Developmental Cell
|March 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as gene expression regulators. A new study reveals how specific lncRNAs utilize enhancer-directed looping and RNA-mediated recruitment for gene activation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their diverse roles in gene regulation.
  • Understanding the mechanisms by which lncRNAs control gene expression is crucial for deciphering cellular processes.

Discussion:

  • The study by Lai et al. (2013) published in Nature highlights a novel mechanism of gene activation mediated by lncRNAs.
  • This mechanism integrates two distinct regulatory paradigms: enhancer-directed chromosomal looping and RNA-mediated recruitment of protein effectors.

Key Insights:

  • A specific class of gene-activating lncRNAs orchestrates gene expression through a dual mechanism.
  • This involves facilitating physical interactions between enhancers and gene promoters via chromosomal looping.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Concurrently, these lncRNAs recruit specific protein factors essential for transcriptional activation.

    • Outlook:

    • This finding expands our understanding of lncRNA function in gene regulation.
    • It suggests potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving aberrant gene expression.
    • Further research can explore the broader implications of this regulatory model in different biological contexts.