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Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
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School snacks decrease morbidity in Kenyan schoolchildren: a cluster randomized, controlled feeding intervention

Charlotte G Neumann1, Nimrod O Bwibo, Luohua Jiang

  • 1Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health and Geffen School of Medicine, PO Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA. cneumann@ucla.edu

Public Health Nutrition
|March 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

School snacks with meat, milk, or vitamin A-fortified oil improved child health outcomes. These interventions reduced illness probability (PMO) in Kenyan schoolchildren, with animal source foods and fortified oil showing significant benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in rural Embu District, Kenya.
  • Schoolchildren are a vulnerable population for nutritional deficiencies and associated morbidity.
  • Assessing the impact of school-based feeding interventions is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of three school snack interventions on morbidity outcomes in schoolchildren.
  • To compare the effectiveness of snacks containing meat, milk, or vitamin A-fortified oil against a control group.
  • To determine the influence of dietary interventions on various illness probabilities.

Main Methods:

  • A cluster randomized trial involving 12 schools in rural Kenya.
  • Four groups were established: three feeding groups (githeri with meat, milk, or oil) and one control group.
  • Morbidity outcomes, physical status, and food intake were monitored over two years in Standard 1 schoolchildren.

Main Results:

  • Snacks with meat and plain githeri (githeri+oil) significantly reduced the probability of morbidity outcomes (PMO) for overall and severe illnesses, malaria, poor appetite, reduced activity, fever, and chills.
  • The meat snack group showed greater reductions in PMO for gastroenteritis and typhoid compared to the control.
  • The milk snack group demonstrated the most significant decline in upper respiratory tract infection PMO.

Conclusions:

  • School snack interventions incorporating animal source foods and vitamin A-fortified oil positively impacted children's morbidity status.
  • Dietary supplementation through school feeding programs can be an effective strategy to reduce illness in children.
  • The study highlights the dual benefits of nutrient-rich foods and vitamin A fortification in improving child health.