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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
The Arch of Aorta01:10

The Arch of Aorta

The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms.

Mark D Morasch1, Sachin V Phade, Peter Naughton

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Vincent Healthcare, Billings, MT 59101, USA. mark.morasch@svh-mt.org

Annals of Vascular Surgery
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are rare, often linked to hereditary disorders. Surgical intervention for symptomatic cases is recommended, with open and hybrid techniques showing low risks.

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Microsurgical Clip Obliteration of Middle Cerebral Aneurysm Using Intraoperative Flow Assessment
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Published on: September 25, 2009

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Microsurgical Clip Obliteration of Middle Cerebral Aneurysm Using Intraoperative Flow Assessment
18:50

Microsurgical Clip Obliteration of Middle Cerebral Aneurysm Using Intraoperative Flow Assessment

Published on: September 25, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Neurosurgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are rare and poorly described.
  • Often associated with trauma or dissection, but primary forms are even rarer.
  • Management is challenging due to location and potential connective tissue abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the presentation of primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms.
  • To detail the surgical management of these rare aneurysms.
  • To evaluate outcomes of operative interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, multi-institutional review.
  • Analysis of patients with primary aneurysms within the extracranial vertebral artery.
  • Review of surgical techniques and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Seven patients (aged 12-56) presented with nine aneurysms between 2000-2011.
  • All patients had underlying hereditary disorders (Ehler-Danlos, Marfan's, neurofibromatosis).
  • Eight aneurysms were managed operatively using open or hybrid techniques, with no perioperative stroke or death.

Conclusions:

  • Primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are rare and associated with hereditary disorders.
  • Operative intervention is indicated for symptomatic patients.
  • Open and hybrid techniques offer safe and effective exclusion and reconstruction with low morbidity and mortality.