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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Nanowire liquid pumps.

Jian Yu Huang1, Yu-Chieh Lo, Jun Jie Niu

  • 1Centre for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate liquid flow along nanowires, enabling new nanofluidic applications. This breakthrough allows precise control of attolitre-scale liquid movements on external surfaces, advancing fields like nanotechnology and biosensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Controlling liquid movement at the nanoscale is crucial for applications like microfluidics, printing, and biological assays.
  • Existing nanofluidic systems primarily rely on enclosed channels, nozzles, or tubes.
  • Developing methods for external liquid transport on solid nanostructures is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and demonstrate the capability of liquid flow along the outer surfaces of solid nanowires.
  • To analyze the mechanisms governing liquid transport at the attolitre scale on nanowires.
  • To explore the potential of this phenomenon for advanced nanofluidic applications.

Main Methods:

  • In situ transmission electron microscopy for direct imaging of liquid flow.

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Published on: August 27, 2013

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  • Utilizing various nanowire materials including tin dioxide, silicon, and zinc oxide.
  • Theoretical analysis to understand the critical film thickness and flow dynamics.
  • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated attolitre-per-second liquid flow along the exterior of nanowires.
    • Observed ionic liquids transporting as thin films or discrete beads on nanowire surfaces.
    • Identified a critical film thickness of approximately 10 nm dictating flow behavior (film vs. beads).

    Conclusions:

    • Liquid can be controllably transported along the external surfaces of solid nanowires, offering a novel nanofluidic approach.
    • The observed critical film thickness is governed by a balance between intermolecular forces, surface energy, and Rayleigh-Plateau instability.
    • This external nanowire-based liquid transport opens new avenues for nanoscale patterning, chemical reactions, and biological assays.