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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Published on: April 6, 2017

Budesonide/cyclodextrin complex-loaded lyophilized microparticles for intranasal application.

Ji-Eon Kim1, Hyun-Jong Cho, Dae-Duk Kim

  • 1College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy
|April 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lyophilized microparticles containing budesonide (BDS) were developed for nasal delivery. These amorphous BDS microparticles enhanced drug solubility and release, showing safety for nasal epithelial cells and potential for improved respiratory tract therapy.

Keywords:
Budesonidehydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrinintranasal deliverylyophilized microparticlesolid-state study

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Budesonide (BDS) is an insoluble corticosteroid used for respiratory conditions.
  • Intranasal delivery offers a direct route to the nasal epithelium and potentially the respiratory tract.
  • Developing effective delivery systems for insoluble drugs like BDS is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize lyophilized microparticles for intranasal delivery of budesonide (BDS).
  • To evaluate the solid-state properties, drug release, and cytotoxicity of the developed microparticles.
  • To assess the potential of these microparticles for improved nasal drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of lyophilized microparticles using BDS, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and HPMC or CMC-Na.
  • Characterization of particle size, morphology (SEM), and solid-state properties (XRPD, FT-IR, DSC).
  • In vitro drug release studies and cytotoxicity assessment on human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells.

Main Results:

  • Lyophilized microparticles demonstrated the amorphous form of BDS, confirmed by XRPD, FT-IR, and DSC.
  • HP-β-CD complexation and the inclusion of HPMC or CMC-Na significantly enhanced BDS solubility and dissolution rates.
  • Developed microparticles showed no significant cytotoxicity to HNE cells, indicating good safety.

Conclusions:

  • The developed lyophilized microparticles effectively deliver insoluble budesonide (BDS) to the nasal epithelium.
  • The amorphous form and enhanced solubility/release characteristics suggest improved therapeutic potential for respiratory tract conditions.
  • These microparticle formulations represent a promising strategy for intranasal delivery of poorly soluble drugs.