ENaC modulators and renal disease

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays an essential role in transepithelial sodium reabsorption in the renal connecting tubule and collecting duct. Therefore, controlling ENaC activity is an important regulatory event in electrolyte and extracellular volume homeostasis, and thus in the control of blood pressure. Many independent signaling pathways converge on ENaC, although the most important for its physiological role is the enhancement of channel activity by the steroid hormone aldosterone. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge about ENaC regulation and the different chemical compounds available to directly or indirectly modify channel function. In addition, current and possible clinical uses of ENaC and aldosterone antagonists are highlighted.