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Application of the root locus technique to the closed-loop SO2 pacemaker-cardiovascular system
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|June 1, 1990
Summary
This study developed a linear model to analyze pacemaker-cardiovascular system dynamics. Root locus analysis accurately predicted system behavior across various exercise levels and controller gains.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Control Systems
Background:
- A nonlinear pacemaker-cardiovascular model previously used a 1/CO term.
- Cardiac Output (CO) is linearly related to heart rate and exercise.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate system dynamics across varying pacemaker controller gains.
- To develop a linearized model for systematic analysis.
Main Methods:
- Developed a piecewise linear model by linearizing the 1/CO term using Taylor series expansion.
- Employed a root locus algorithm with a time delay element.
- Calculated closed-loop poles as a function of controller gain for 25, 50, and 100 W exercise levels.
Main Results:
- Step response simulations of the nonlinear model closely matched predictions from the root locus analysis.
- The root locus technique effectively quantified system dynamics.
Conclusions:
- Root locus analysis provides a systematic method for understanding pacemaker-cardiovascular system dynamics.
- This approach is valid across different exercise intensities and controller gains.