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Related Concept Videos

Cell Diversity01:13

Cell Diversity

The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular organisms...
Cell Culture01:21

Cell Culture

Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media
Cell Lines01:16

Cell Lines

A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Non-equilibrium in the Cell01:16

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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A Versatile Automated Platform for Micro-scale Cell Stimulation Experiments
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A Versatile Automated Platform for Micro-scale Cell Stimulation Experiments

Published on: August 6, 2013

A cell simulator platform: the cell collective.

T Helikar1, B Kowal, J A Rogers

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. thelikar@unomaha.edu

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|April 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex diseases arise from interconnected biological network malfunctions. Systems biology offers a holistic approach to understanding these emergent, system-level health issues.

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Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology
  • Network Medicine

Background:

  • Diseases often stem from intricate, nonlinear biological and biochemical network dysfunctions.
  • Understanding these complex systems is challenging due to emergent properties, where system behavior exceeds the sum of individual component actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce systems biology as a novel framework for disease research.
  • To advocate for a holistic perspective in analyzing biological systems and disease etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing network analysis to model biological interactions.
  • Applying systems biology principles to interpret emergent disease phenotypes.
  • Integrating multi-omics data for a comprehensive system view.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that emergent properties in biological networks contribute significantly to disease development.
  • Highlighted the limitations of reductionist approaches in fully explaining complex diseases.
  • Showcased the potential of systems biology to uncover novel disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Systems biology provides a powerful paradigm for understanding complex diseases.
  • A holistic, network-based approach is essential for deciphering emergent biological functions and disease pathologies.
  • Future research should leverage systems biology to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.