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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
07:40

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

Spanish LupusPRO: cross-cultural validation study for lupus.

M Jolly1, S Toloza, J Block

  • 1Dept. of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Il 60612, USA. Meenakshi_Jolly@rush.edu

Lupus
|April 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Spanish LupusPRO tool demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Spanish-speaking patients. This validated patient-reported outcome measure is now ready for clinical trials.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
07:40

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The LupusPRO is a validated patient-reported outcome measure for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the US.
  • Cross-cultural adaptation is essential to expand the utility of health outcome measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To cross-culturally adapt and validate the Spanish version of the LupusPRO.
  • To assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish LupusPRO in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Forward-back translation and pretesting of the English LupusPRO.
  • Administration of the Spanish LupusPRO and SF-36 to 211 Spanish-speaking SLE patients.
  • Evaluation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and convergent validity.

Main Results:

  • The Spanish LupusPRO demonstrated good test-retest reliability (0.80-0.95) and internal consistency (0.71-0.96).
  • Criterion validity was established through good performance against disease activity measures.
  • Convergent validity was confirmed with the SF-36, and confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit.

Conclusions:

  • The Spanish LupusPRO possesses adequate psychometric properties for use in clinical research.
  • This validated Spanish tool is now available for clinical trials and longitudinal studies evaluating responsiveness to change in SLE patients.