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Communication: Growing room temperature ice with graphene.

Albert Verdaguer1, Juan José Segura, Laura López-Mir

  • 1Centre d'Investigació en Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, CIN2 (CSIC-ICN), Edifici CM7, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. averdaguer@cin2.cat

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Hexagonal ice forms at room temperature when water is confined between graphene and BaF2 surfaces. Lattice mismatch is critical for ice formation, as shown by its absence on CaF2 surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Water's phase behavior is highly sensitive to confinement and substrate interactions.
  • Understanding ice formation under non-standard conditions is crucial for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of hexagonal ice at room temperature under specific confinement conditions.
  • To determine the role of substrate symmetry and lattice matching in interfacial water ordering.

Main Methods:

  • Confinement of water between graphene sheets and hexagonal BaF2 (111) surfaces.
  • Controlled humidity conditions at room temperature.
  • Comparative analysis with isostructural CaF2 (111) surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Formation of ordered hexagonal ice at room temperature was observed.
  • Pseudoepitaxy between interfacial water and the BaF2 substrate was identified as a critical factor.
  • Ice formation was absent on CaF2 surfaces, correlating with a larger lattice mismatch.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene/BaF2 interfaces promote hexagonal ice formation at room temperature.
  • Small lattice mismatch and hexagonal symmetry of the substrate are essential for interfacial water ordering into ice.
  • Substrate-water interactions significantly influence water's phase transitions.