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Updated: May 12, 2026

Porcine Liver Transplantation Without Veno-Venous Bypass As an Extended Criteria Donor Model
Published on: August 17, 2022
Pulmonary contraindications, indications and MELD exceptions for liver transplantation: a contemporary view and look
Michael J Krowka1, Russell H Wiesner, Julie K Heimbach
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. krowka@mayo.edu
Abstract:
Pulmonary concerns in liver transplant candidates have intraoperative and outcome implications. Evolving MELD exception policies address transplant priority for problems such as hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension, and hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia. Other pulmonary issues such as refractory hepatic hydrothorax, advanced chronic obstructive lung disease (including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) and indeterminate pulmonary nodules may affect liver transplant consideration. Herein, we discuss current pulmonary-related contraindications, indications and MELD exception policies for liver transplantation, suggesting future considerations.
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