Spectral cytopathology: new aspects of data collection, manipulation and confounding effects

This paper presents a short review on the improvements in data processing for spectral cytopathology, the diagnostic method developed for large scale diagnostic analysis of spectral data of individual dried and fixed cells. This review is followed by the analysis of the confounding effects introduced by utilizing reflecting "low-emissivity" (low-e) slides as sample substrates in infrared micro-spectroscopy of biological samples such as individual dried cells or tissue sections. The artifact introduced by these substrates, referred to as the "standing electromagnetic wave" artifact, indeed, distorts the spectra noticeably, as postulated recently by several research groups. An analysis of the standing wave effect reveals that careful data pre-processing can reduce the spurious effects to a level where they are not creating a major problem for spectral cytopathology and spectral histopathology.