Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
Published on: July 21, 2020
Calibration and validation of nine objective vision screeners with contact lens-induced anisometropia
Robert W Arnold1, Bethanne Davis, Laura E Arnold
1Ophthalmic Associates, PC, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. eyedoc@alaska.net
Purpose:
New objective photoscreeners are emerging with encouraging national guidelines and pediatric providers can be reimbursed for photoscreening.
Methods:
Nine objective screeners were applied to two emmetropic subjects with or without known power contact lenses to induce spherical and cylindrical anisometropia close to American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) thresholds.
Results:
The screeners produced near linear pupil crescents and estimated refractions for induced anisometropia. Most performed well with AAPOS 2003 validation; however, the iPhone (Apple, Cupertino, CA) was too sensitive, whereas the remote autorefractors using Vision in Preschoolers Study criteria were less sensitive.
Conclusions:
The new, interpreted objective screeners appear valid for detection of anismetropia.

