[Relation between physical activity, weight balance and breast cancer]

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Oncology
• Exercise Physiology

Context:

• Epidemiologic studies consistently demonstrate the benefits of regular physical activity for breast cancer.
• Physical activity plays a role in both primary and tertiary prevention, impacting recurrence and mortality.
• The benefits are linked to total weekly energy expenditure and lifelong weight management.

Purpose:

• To summarize the multifaceted benefits of regular physical activity in breast cancer prevention and management.
• To elucidate the short-term and long-term physiological mechanisms through which physical activity exerts its effects.
• To emphasize the importance of weight management through physical activity for cancer prevention.

Summary:

• Regular physical activity is associated with reduced breast cancer risk, recurrence, and mortality.
• Short-term effects include improved insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose and amino acids.
• Long-term effects involve favorable body composition changes, reduced body fat, and increased lean mass.

Impact:

• Physical activity influences key factors in carcinogenesis, including insulin sensitivity, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and cellular proliferation.
• Enhanced cellular immunity and blocked angiogenesis are additional benefits.
• Maintaining a healthy weight via balanced energy expenditure and intake is a cornerstone of breast cancer prevention.