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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

Hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids.

Rani R Vatti1, Fatima Ali, Suzanne Teuber

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|April 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids (CS) are rare but can occur in high-risk patients. Evaluation is crucial for safe treatment alternatives, especially for those needing life-saving steroid therapy.

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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids (CS) are uncommon in the general population but more frequent in patients receiving repeated doses.
  • Reactions are categorized as immediate (within 1 hour) or non-immediate (after 1 hour), with non-immediate reactions being more prevalent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on corticosteroid hypersensitivity, including prevalence, mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management options.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and selection of alternative treatments, particularly in high-risk patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review using search terms: "hypersensitivity to steroids, adverse effects of steroids, steroid allergy, allergic contact dermatitis, corticosteroid side effects, and type I hypersensitivity."
  • Analysis of identified studies and clinical reports focusing on steroid hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Most reports are case studies, often involving non-systemic CS application.
  • Type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, is associated with CS hypersensitivity (prevalence 0.3-0.5%).
  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the most common non-immediate reaction, often linked to topical CS, with atopic and stasis dermatitis as risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate clinical evaluation is essential to confirm true hypersensitivity and select safe alternatives.
  • Proper management is critical for patient safety and to alleviate concerns regarding potentially fatal allergic reactions to steroids.
  • Special attention is needed for high-risk populations requiring steroids for life-saving treatments.