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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Emerging control and disruptive behavior disorders during early childhood
Michelle M Martel1, Bethan Roberts, Monica L Gremillion
1Psychology Department, University of Kentucky, 207C Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, USA. michelle.martel@uky.edu
This study found that a general control factor in young children is linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but not Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Affective control was associated with cognitive control.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Early childhood is a critical period for the development of self-regulation and control processes.
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders with significant impact.
- Understanding the relationship between control processes and these disorders is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the associations between various control processes (affective, effortful, cognitive) and symptoms of ODD and ADHD in early childhood.
- To determine if a general factor of control is associated with ODD and ADHD.
- To explore the interrelations among different types of control processes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a sample of 98 children aged 3-6 years and their primary caregivers.
- Collected diagnostic information on ODD and ADHD symptoms through parent and teacher/caregiver standardized rating forms.
- Assessed affective, effortful, and cognitive control using parent/examiner ratings, observational data, and laboratory-based cognitive control tasks.
Main Results:
- Affective control demonstrated a significant association with cognitive control.
- A latent factor representing general control was significantly associated with ADHD symptoms.
- No significant association was found between the general control factor and ODD symptoms.
Conclusions:
- A general deficit in control processes may be a contributing factor to ADHD in early childhood.
- Affective regulation appears to be closely intertwined with cognitive control abilities.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles of different control processes in ODD and ADHD etiology.
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